2 - 2 Technological Strategy Management Techniques

• • Technology tie-up
  This refers to sharing of technologies and joint development through partnership agreements between several companies. It is also called a technology-based alliance between companies.
• • Technology licensing
  This refers to the permission to apply the technologies possessed by other companies. Compared with a technological tie-up in which an equivalent relationship exists, there exists a somewhat hierarchical relationship in most cases.
• • Industry-academia-government collaboration
  This refers to a type of technology acquisition by which a company (industry) develops new technologies or new products, and sets up new businesses, in collaboration with a university (academia) possessing technology and high-level expert knowledge, and a public research organization (government), such as a governmental agency, independent administrative agency, research institute, or laboratory.
• • TLO law (Technology Licensing Organization Law; Act on the Promotion of
  Technology Transfer from Universities to Private Business Operators) This is a law that aims at promoting transfer the research results or technologies of a university to a private company venture in order to utilize the results or technologies. The country supports the industry/university mediation activities to

support the acquisition of patents and the transfer of technologies for an organization that has been approved and accredited by the TLO law.

• • Patent strategy (Intellectual property right strategy)
  This is a strategy that improves the superiority of the technologies of a company by preventing imitation by another company through the acquisition of a patent for the technologies. In some cases, the objective of this strategy is to generate profits by obtaining patent license fees in the future.
• • Standardization strategy
  This is a strategy that one tries to establish the technologies of a company as de facto standards (or industry standards). It includes activities that increase the share in the industry through free publication of technologies, and activities that standardize the technologies of a company through a forum with other companies.
• • Coordinated strategy
  This is a strategy according to which technologies are supplemented through technology alliance with other companies and technology licensing when the technologies of a company alone are insufficient. Recently, as a result of the trend of globalization and technology integration, the number of companies employing a coordinated strategy within and outside the industry is increasing.

• • Technology development schedule
  This refers to planning of the technology development. No matter how superior a developed technology is, it has no meaning unless there is a market need. Therefore, concurrent engineering that several processes are implemented simultaneously in · 1 question

parallel in order to shorten the period, or pilot production that involves test manufacturing of a product by using a new technology, are also examined.

• • Technology development investment planning
  This refers to planning of the cost necessary for technology development. No matter how superior a developed technology is, it has no meaning unless the development cost is recovered and profits are gained. Therefore, an investment plan must be created in consideration of the return on investment (i.e., cost performance).
• • Technology development site planning
  This refers to planning of the sites for conducting technology development. The following are examined: setting up research and development centers, or establishing joint facilities with a technology alliance partner.
• • Human resources planning
  This refers to planning of the technology development staff. Since human affairs affect other activities, it is important to create an integrated plan from the employment of human resources up to their education and training.
• • Intellectual property right management planning
  This refers to planning of the management of intellectual property rights that arise as a result of technology development. A patent application plan is created in order to prevent the intellectual property of a company from being copied or imitated.

• • Technology road map
  This is a chart that represents the route of technological progress. It serves as a policy of research and development of a specific technological field or product.
• • Product application road map
  This is a chart that represents how a developed technology can be spread to products.
• • Market road map
  This is a chart that represents the trend of market needs.
• • Patent acquisition road map
  This is a chart that represents the acquisition of a utility model and patent.