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Chapter 3 · SoftwarePractice

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2 OS (Operating System)

p. 196

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p. 196

2 OS (Operating System)

An OS is software that manages resources such as hardware and enables effective use of such resources.

2 - 1 Functions and Configurations of OS

The three points below are the main aims of usage of an OS.

Original textbook callout or table. Source text: 1. Effective use of resources It enables the effective use of resources related to computers (hardware resources, software resources, and human resources). Typical methods for the effective use of resources include multiprogramming which shares resources among multiple programs and appears to run the programs concurrently, and this can improve throughput and shorten response time. 2. RASIS improvement It improves the computer system reliability and ensures security. It enables the increase of MTBF by retrying an instruction that has caused a fault, and the reduction of MTTR by recording the fault status. 3. Providing usability It improves the operability to decrease the burden on the user. It implements serial processing of jobs (i.e., programs) because it is time consuming for an operator to operate the computer every time a program is run. — p. 196 · Enlarge

In order to achieve these aims, the OS provides the management functions described below.

Original textbook callout or table. Source text: Management function Role To manage the execution of work (jobs) from the Job management perspective of a user To manage the execution of work (tasks) from the Task management perspective of a machine Memory management To effectively use memory area Data management To manage access to data on auxiliary storage devices Input/output management To manage access to input/output devices Network management To manage network control To manage simplicity and flexibility concerning Operations management operations — p. 196 · Enlarge

p. 197

Original textbook callout or table. Source text: User management To manage information and controls relating to users Security management To manage information and controls relating to security To perform management relating to the detection, Fault management recording, and handling of a fault — p. 197 · Enlarge

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New FE Textbook Vol.1 · IT Fundamentals · First Edition, April 2015