1-1-1 Total Computerization Planning

(1) Policies of IT governance should be clarified.

When IT governance (i.e., the organizational capability of a company to control the creation and implementation of IT strategy and lead the organization in the desired direction with the aim of creating competitive superiority) is established, the policy for this must be clearly specified.

(2) Principles concerning decisions on the investments and initiatives of

computerization should be defined. In order to ensure that overall optimization plan is consistent from start to finish, it is necessary to define general rules for decisions on the investments and initiatives of computerization.

(3) The optimization purpose of the overall information system should be set on the

basis of business strategies. In order to plan an information system that fulfills the business objectives, it is necessary to create a purpose for optimization that is consistent with business strategies.

(4) The clear vision of the information system for the overall organization should be

determined. Since the information system of an overall organization effectively and efficiently fulfills its objectives by organically linking individual information systems and ensuring mutual consistency, the overall optimization plan needs to define a clear vision (i.e., to-be model) of the information system · 1 question

(5) Policies on changes, which are made in organizational structure and business operations as a result of computerization, should be clarified. In an overall optimization plan, it is necessary to clearly specify the policies on the establishment, restructuring, and abolishment of organization and business operations, in sync with the (re)construction of an information system.

(6) Policies on information security should be clarified.

Security measures, such as the fraud prevention, protection of confidentiality, and protection of privacy, are the foundation of sound promotion of business activities, and so it is necessary to clearly specify the policy for information security measures in the overall optimization plan.

• • EA (Enterprise Architecture)
  This is a technique in which the overall business operations and systems of an organization are divided into four categories (or architectures), analyzed and modeled, and then reviewed from the perspective of total optimization. In EA, modeling is performed in the order of an as-is model (i.e., current model), which lays out and analyzes the current situation, a to-be model (i.e., ideal model), which forms the objective, and a realistic next generation model that compares the current situation and the objectives.
• • BA (Business Architecture)
  This is a business architecture that shows standardization and streamlining concerning the details of business operations, the implementing bodies, and the workflow.

[Deliverables] Business description, DMM (Diamond Mandala Matrix), DFD (Data Flow Diagram), WFA (Work Flow Architecture), UML (Unified Modeling Language), etc.

• • DA (Data Architecture)
  This is a data architecture that shows the details of information (i.e., system data)

that is used in individual business operations and systems, and the associations between information.

[Deliverables] Data definition table, information systemization summary chart (UML class diagram), ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram), etc.

• • AA (Application Architecture)
  This is an applied processing architecture that shows the form of the most appropriate information system for a business process (e.g., centralized-type, distributed-type, SOA). · 1 question

[Deliverables] Information system relationship diagram, information system function configuration diagram, etc.

• • TA (Technology Architecture)
  This is a technology architecture that is used in the construction of a system. It shows the technological elements of the configuration, security infrastructure, and so on. · 1 question

[Deliverables] Hardware configuration diagram, software configuration diagram, network configuration diagram, etc.

[EA frameworks]

• • Zachman framework
  This is an EA framework that is proposed by John Zachman. It uses a 6×6 matrix with perspectives (i.e., stakeholder perspectives) on the vertical axis and the subject (i.e., 5W1H) on the horizontal axis. It is used to gain an understanding of the overall structure of an organization.
• • TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework)
  This is a framework that includes EA’s best practices (i.e., efficient techniques, methods, processes, and the best examples for the achievement of a goal).